Coconut Shell Specification
1. Physical Characteristics:
- Appearance: Hard, woody shell; brown to dark brown 
- Form: Whole, half-cut, crushed, or granulated (based on application) 
- Texture: Rigid, fibrous, and brittle when dry 
- Density: ~1.2–1.4 g/cm³ (solid form) 
2. Moisture Content:
- Maximum: 10% (for raw shells) 
- Preferred: Below 8% for fuel or activated carbon use 
3. Ash Content:
- Typical Range: 0.5% to 2% - Lower ash content preferred for activated carbon production 
 
4. Volatile Matter:
- Typical Range: 10% to 15% 
5. Fixed Carbon:
- Typical Range: 75% to 80% - High fixed carbon is ideal for carbonization processes 
 
6. Calorific Value (Energy Content):
- Typical: 4,800 to 5,000 kcal/kg (gross calorific value) - Suitable for use as biofuel or charcoal production 
 
7. Size (if graded):
- Granule Sizes: 2–4 mm, 4–6 mm, 6–12 mm, etc. (customized as needed) 
- Crushed Shells: Available in mesh sizes for industrial use 
8. Impurities:
- Maximum: 2% - Includes fibers, dust, and foreign matter 
 
9. Odor:
- Natural, woody scent 
- Free from moldy, rancid, or chemical odors 
10. Packaging:
- Common Materials: Gunny bags, PP woven sacks 
- Standard Weight: 25 kg / 50 kg bags or jumbo bags for bulk export 
